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A reference dataset of 153 investment-migration programmes (citizenship and residency by investment), scored on seven dimensions against a published, weighted methodology. Every headline figure carries field-level provenance: the official source it was verified against, the source tier and the verification date. 76 programmes meet the verification bar and are ranked below; 7 are tracked as provisional pending verification, 65 as reference entries with no fixed investment threshold, and 5 as announced programmes not yet open, so none of these groups is ranked. Verified regulatory changes are recorded in the observatory log on this page.
All programme figures are time-sensitive. Verify against the linked official sources before relying on any amount or legal condition.
The canonical 2026 Q3 Edition (provisional) ranking. Only the 76 programmes whose core data has been verified against official sources are ranked; programmes not ranked (provisional or reference) are listed separately below. Select a row for detail, sources and a citation; tick rows to compare up to four side by side.
| # | Programme | Type | Minimum qualifying route | Index score | Cost | Mobility | Speed | Path | Stability | Family | Tax | Confidence | Last verified | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇰🇳St. Kitts and Nevis | CBI | Sustainable Island State Contribution$250,000 | 89 | 68 | 98 | 88 | 100 | 95 | 100 | n/a | High | 2026-10-12 | ||
| 2 | 🇬🇩Grenada | CBI | National Transformation Fund donation$235,000 | 87 | 68 | 92 | 96 | 100 | 78 | 100 | n/a | High | 2026-10-12 | ||
| 3 | 🇦🇬Antigua and Barbuda | CBI | National Development Fund donation$230,000 | 87 | 69 | 96 | 88 | 100 | 78 | 100 | n/a | High | 2026-10-12 | ||
| 4 | 🇩🇲Dominica | CBI | Economic Diversification Fund contribution$200,000 | 86 | 70 | 91 | 92 | 100 | 95 | 63 | n/a | High | 2026-10-12 | ||
| 5 | 🇱🇨Saint Lucia | CBI | National Economic Fund contribution$240,000 | 86 | 68 | 90 | 92 | 100 | 76 | 100 | n/a | High | 2026-10-12 | ||
| 6 | 🇨🇾Cyprus Permanent Residency | RBI | New residential property (plus VAT), other real estate, Cyprus company shares or a Cyprus investment fund€300,000 | 86 | 65 | 100 | 96 | 100 | 71 | 100 | 55 | High | 2026-10-01 | ||
| 7 | 🇪🇨Ecuador Investor Residence | RBI | Investment (real estate / CD / equity), ~US$48.2k$48,200 | 86 | 87 | n/a | 96 | 100 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 8 | 🇲🇾Malaysia MM2H | RBI | Fixed-deposit long-stay pass (Silver tier; SEZ route from ~USD 65k)$150,000 | 85 | 74 | n/a | 96 | n/a | 89 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-10-11 | ||
| 9 | 🇲🇹Malta Global Residence Programme (GRP) | RBI | a qualifying home bought or rented in Malta or Gozo€220,000 | 84 | 68 | 100 | 92 | n/a | 78 | n/a | 70 | High | 2026-10-11 | ||
| 10 | 🇲🇹Malta Permanent Residence (MPRP) | RBI | Government contribution + admin fee + donation (excl. property)€99,000 | 84 | 78 | 100 | n/a | n/a | 70 | n/a | 70 | High | 2026-10-01 | ||
| 11 | 🇬🇷Greece Golden Visa | RBI | Real estate (EUR 250,000 to EUR 800,000 by zone and property type) or startup investment€250,000 | 83 | 67 | 100 | 100 | 68 | 78 | 100 | 55 | High | 2026-09-28 | ||
| 12 | 🇧🇷Brazil Residence by Investment | RBI | Real estate (R$700k North/NE; R$1m elsewhere)BRL 700,000 | 83 | 76 | 100 | n/a | 92 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 13 | 🇩🇴Dominican Republic Residence by Investment | RBI | Investment → fast-track permanent residence$200,000 | 83 | 70 | n/a | 98 | 100 | 65 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-10-10 | ||
| 14 | 🇰🇭Cambodia My Second Home (CM2H) | RBI | 10-year long-stay (fee / real estate / deposit)$50,000 | 83 | 86 | n/a | 88 | 84 | 69 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 15 | 🇵🇪Peru Investor Residence | RBI | Business investment (PEN 500k) + 5 local jobs$130,000 | 83 | 75 | n/a | 100 | 100 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 16 | 🇲🇽Mexico Permanent Residency by Economic Solvency | RBI | Proof of funds for direct permanent residency (retirees and pensioners), NOT an investment: an average monthly savings or investment balance of 45,850 days of UMA over the last 12 months (45,850 x MXN 117.31 = MXN 5,378,663.50 at the 2026 UMA), or, as the alternative, pension income free of liens above 1,140 days of UMA a month over the last 6 months (MXN 133,733.40 a month). Each family member adds 220 UMA (MXN 25,808.20). DOF Lineamientos of 25 July 2025 (Trámite 7 III.a) and INEGI UMA 2026, verified 2026-09-24MXN 5,378,663.5 | 82 | 66 | n/a | 99 | 100 | 80 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-10-09 | ||
| 17 | 🇭🇳Honduras Investor Residence | RBI | Business investment + refundable US$5k Central Bank deposit$50,000 | 82 | 86 | n/a | n/a | 100 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-09-19 | ||
| 18 | 🇦🇱Albania Residence by Investment | RBI | Business/bonds (€100k; 1:5 local-employee) or real estate €300k€100,000 | 82 | 77 | n/a | 93 | 100 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 19 | 🇯🇵Japan Business Manager Visa | RBI | Business management (JPY 30,000,000 capital + employee + JLPT N2)¥30,000,000 | 82 | 71 | n/a | 100 | 84 | 85 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 20 | 🇬🇹Guatemala Investor Residence | RBI | Company participation and/or purchase of movable or immovable property$100,000 | 81 | 78 | n/a | 96 | n/a | 65 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-09-22 | ||
| 21 | 🇷🇸Serbia Residence | RBI | Investor category: EUR 50,000 held at a SERBIAN-registered bank for the first permit, plus at least EUR 5,000 paid into the company's share capital to extend. The founder/self-employment and property grounds prescribe NO sum.€50,000 | 81 | 85 | n/a | 100 | 76 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 22 | 🇦🇮Anguilla Residence by Investment | RBI | Capital Development Fund (US$150k) or real estate (US$750k)$150,000 | 81 | 74 | n/a | 92 | 84 | 72 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 23 | 🇬🇪Georgia Residence by Investment | RBI | Real estate (US$150k) or US$300k investment (5-yr)$150,000 | 80 | 74 | n/a | n/a | 100 | 65 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 24 | 🇸🇮Slovenia Business Residence | RBI | Company (d.o.o. + ~€50k fixed-asset investment)€50,000 | 80 | 85 | 75 | n/a | 100 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 25 | 🇬🇬Guernsey Investor Residence | RBI | Entrepreneur £200k / Investor £750k + Open Market housing£200,000 | 79 | 68 | n/a | 100 | 84 | 75 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 26 | 🇸🇻El Salvador (Freedom Visa) | CBI | Non-refundable US$1m contribution (Bitcoin or Tether)$1,000,000 | 79 | 52 | 82 | 98 | 100 | 68 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-10-12 | ||
| 27 | 🇮🇹Italy Investor Visa | RBI | Innovative startup investment€250,000 | 79 | 67 | 100 | 100 | 44 | 74 | 100 | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 28 | 🇵🇦Panama Qualified Investor Residency | RBI | Real estate, first sale USD 300k (resale USD 500k)$300,000 | 79 | 66 | n/a | 100 | n/a | 71 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-10-09 | ||
| 29 | 🇨🇴Colombia Migrant Investor Visa | RBI | Visa M Inversionista, real estate of at least 350 SMMLV (Colombian monthly minimum wages), about COP 612.8m / US$191,930 at the 2026 SMMLV of COP 1,750,905. The foreign-direct-investment route requires MORE than 650 SMMLV (about US$356,440). Thresholds are set in SMMLV and re-price every 1 January. The separate Visa M Socio o Propietario (company shareholding, 100 SMMLV, about US$54,840) is NOT the investor visa, it was previously published here in its place.$191,930 | 78 | 71 | n/a | 100 | 84 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 30 | 🇹🇷Turkey | CBI | Real estate (USD 400k, 3-yr hold) or USD 500k financial$400,000 | 77 | 62 | 71 | 92 | 100 | 74 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-09-26 | ||
| 31 | 🇲🇺Mauritius Residency | RBI | Real-estate investment$375,000 | 77 | 63 | n/a | 96 | n/a | 65 | 100 | 70 | High | 2026-09-19 | ||
| 32 | 🇱🇻Latvia Golden Visa | RBI | Share capital of a Latvian company (€50,000 for a small company; €100,000 for a larger one) PLUS a compulsory €10,000 state-budget payment, €60,000 all-in at the lower tier. Permit up to 2 years; PMLP decides within 4 months.€60,000 | 76 | 83 | 75 | 100 | 44 | 81 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-09-18 | ||
| 33 | 🇧🇬Bulgaria Investor Permanent Residence | RBI | FSC-licensed fund investment (5-yr → PR)€512,000 | 76 | 59 | 75 | 100 | 84 | 68 | n/a | 70 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 34 | 🇻🇺Vanuatu | CBI | Development Support Program contribution$130,000 | 76 | 75 | 55 | 98 | 100 | 74 | 42 | n/a | High | 2026-10-12 | ||
| 35 | 🇪🇪Estonia Business Residence | RBI | Company investment (~€65k) or Startup Visa€65,000 | 75 | 82 | 75 | 92 | 60 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-09-19 | ||
| 36 | 🇲🇸Montserrat Economic Residence | RBI | Economic residence (EC$400k deposit/RE/bonds + net worth)XCD 400,000 | 74 | 74 | n/a | n/a | 84 | 65 | n/a | 70 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 37 | 🇭🇷Croatia Business Residence | RBI | Company (capital + ~3 local hires)€26,545 | 74 | 93 | 75 | n/a | 60 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 38 | 🇨🇷Costa Rica Investor Residency | RBI | Real estate / business / securities, USD 150,000 under Ley 9996 art. 8 (USD 100,000 forestry under the general Reglamento). ⚠ Ley 9996's five-year term LAPSED on 14 July 2026 and no gazette instrument or DGME notice confirms whether USD 150,000 survives or the Reglamento's USD 200,000 revives, treat as unconfirmed and check with DGME before advising.$150,000 | 74 | 74 | n/a | 80 | 68 | 70 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 39 | 🇨🇼Curaçao Investor Residence | RBI | Tiered investment from XCG 500,000 (about USD 279,000 at the fixed 1.79 peg) up to XCG 1.5 million$279,000 | 74 | 67 | n/a | 88 | 84 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 40 | 🇳🇷Nauru | CBI | Economic and Climate Resilience Citizenship Contribution, USD 90,000 for a principal applicant, a limited-time price available until 31 December 2026 (a USD 25,000 reduction; the standard USD 115,000 resumes 1 January 2027). Add USD 2,000 per additional dependant aged 16 or over and USD 15,000 per sibling. Government fees are payable ON TOP: application USD 5,000 principal / USD 2,000 per dependant, due diligence USD 6,000 / USD 3,000 per dependant 16+, bank transaction USD 1,200-2,200, passport USD 500 each, a single applicant is approximately USD 102,700 all-in.$90,000 | 73 | 79 | 54 | 92 | 100 | 37 | n/a | n/a | High | 2026-10-12 | ||
| 41 | 🇵🇹Portugal Golden Visa | RBI | Arts and cultural-heritage support (fund, company/job creation and scientific research routes from EUR 500,000)€250,000 | 73 | 67 | 100 | 57 | 44 | 79 | 100 | 55 | High | 2026-09-28 | ||
| 42 | 🇹🇨Turks & Caicos Permanent Residence | RBI | Real estate (US$300k lesser islands / US$1m Providenciales)$300,000 | 72 | 66 | n/a | n/a | 84 | 65 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-09-19 | ||
| 43 | 🇦🇪UAE Golden Visa | RBI | Real-estate investmentAED 2,000,000 | 72 | 59 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 72 | 100 | 85 | High | 2026-10-02 | ||
| 44 | 🇰🇷South Korea Investment Immigration | RBI | Real-estate investment immigration in a designated tourism/leisure zone (F-2 → F-5 after 5 years): KRW 1,000,000,000. The USD figure is an indicative conversion of that KRW statute.KRW 1,000,000,000 | 72 | 56 | n/a | 92 | 84 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 45 | 🇫🇯Fiji Investor Residence | RBI | Investor permit (7-year): FJD 250,000 of capital invested AND MAINTAINED in a Fijian business, statutory, reg 41(3) Immigration Regulations 2007. The 3-year investor permit prescribes no sum at all.FJD 250,000 | 72 | 77 | n/a | 100 | 44 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-09-19 | ||
| 46 | 🇿🇦South Africa Business Visa | RBI | Active business (ZAR 5m + 60% local staff; DTIC-waivable)ZAR 5,000,000 | 72 | 67 | 63 | 100 | n/a | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-05 | ||
| 47 | 🇲🇪Montenegro Residence by Investment | RBI | Real-estate residence (tax-assessed value)€150,000 | 71 | 73 | n/a | 99 | 44 | 65 | n/a | 70 | High | 2026-10-11 | ||
| 48 | 🇳🇦Namibia Residence by Investment | RBI | Real-estate / single-development investment (developer-published unit prices, not a government figure)$300,000 | 71 | 66 | n/a | 100 | n/a | 39 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 49 | 🇸🇹São Tomé and Príncipe | CBI | Government Contribution$90,000 | 71 | 79 | 36 | 100 | 100 | 36 | 92 | n/a | High | 2026-10-12 | ||
| 50 | 🇱🇺Luxembourg Investor Residence | RBI | Company investment (real estate excluded)€500,000 | 69 | 59 | 75 | n/a | 84 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-10-01 | ||
| 51 | 🇨🇱Chile Investor Residence | RBI | Productive investment (InvestChile-sponsored)$500,000 | 68 | 60 | n/a | n/a | 84 | 69 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 52 | 🇸🇱Sierra Leone | CBI | Government Contribution$140,000 | 68 | 74 | 39 | 92 | 100 | 37 | n/a | n/a | High | 2026-10-13 | ||
| 53 | 🇺🇸USA EB-5 Investor Visa | RBI | EB-5 Targeted Employment Area investment$800,000 | 66 | 54 | 100 | 0 | n/a | 95 | 100 | 55 | High | 2026-10-13 | ||
| 54 | 🇧🇸Bahamas Residency by Investment | RBI | Real-estate permanent residency$1,000,000 | 66 | 52 | n/a | 100 | 44 | 65 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 55 | 🇦🇷Argentina Citizenship by Investment | CBI | National Treasury contribution$350,000 | 65 | 64 | 100 | 36 | n/a | 65 | 36 | 55 | High | 2026-10-12 | ||
| 56 | 🇳🇿New Zealand Active Investor Plus | RBI | Active investment (Growth category)NZD 5,000,000 | 65 | 39 | 50 | 88 | 84 | 69 | 100 | 55 | High | 2026-09-18 | ||
| 57 | 🇸🇦Saudi Arabia Premium Residency | RBI | Premium Residency, permanent (one-off payment); annual option SAR 100,000 per yearSAR 800,000 | 64 | 70 | 57 | 96 | 0 | 72 | 100 | 85 | High | 2026-10-01 | ||
| 58 | 🇶🇦Qatar Residence by Investment | RBI | Property (QAR 730,000 residence; QAR 3,650,000 adds permanent-residency privileges)QAR 730,000 | 64 | 70 | n/a | 100 | 0 | 73 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 59 | 🇯🇴Jordan | CBI | Existing project outside Amman: average JOD 350,000 in fixed assets over three years, plus Jordanian jobs$493,000 | 63 | 60 | 31 | n/a | 100 | 73 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-10-12 | ||
| 60 | 🇵🇭Philippines SRRV | RBI | Refundable time deposit, SRRV Classic, age 50+ with a lifetime pension of at least US$800/month. Age 40 to 49 is US$25,000 (pensioner) or US$50,000 (non-pensioner); 50+ without a pension is US$30,000. Covers the principal plus two dependants (US$15,000 each beyond). With PRA approval, the deposit may be converted into a condominium purchase or a long-term lease for personal use, subject to current PRA conditions. The PRA also charges a processing fee on the principal application. A lower-deposit SRRV Courtesy category exists, but it is restricted to former Filipino citizens and specific groups such as retired diplomats, officers of international organisations recognised by the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs, retired military service members from countries with recognised bilateral relations with the Philippines, and recognised high achievers including philanthropists; it is not an open route.$15,000 | 63 | 100 | 41 | 100 | 0 | 65 | n/a | n/a | High | 2026-09-26 | ||
| 61 | 🇻🇳Vietnam Investor Visa | RBI | ĐT3, capital contribution of VND 3,000,000,000 to under VND 50bn ("vốn góp giá trị từ 03 tỷ đồng đến dưới 50 tỷ đồng", Luật 51/2019/QH14 Điều 8): visa up to 3 years and a temporary residence card up to 3 years. The statutory figure is VND 3bn; the USD amount is an indicative conversion at VND 25,964/USD (18 Sep 2026) and moves with FX. Higher tiers: ĐT2 from VND 50bn (about USD 1.9m, card up to 5 years), ĐT1 from VND 100bn (card up to 10 years). ĐT4, under VND 3bn, gets a visa of up to 1 year and NO residence card.$115,500 | 62 | 77 | 30 | n/a | 84 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 62 | 🇧🇭Bahrain Golden Residency | RBI | Property investment (BHD 130,000, stated by NPRA as USD 345,000)BHD 130,000 | 61 | 64 | n/a | 100 | 0 | 69 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 63 | 🇨🇿Czechia Residence for Investment | RBI | Long-term residence for investment (~CZK 75m + ~20 jobs)CZK 75,000,000 | 60 | 39 | 75 | n/a | n/a | 74 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 64 | 🇪🇬Egypt | CBI | Non-refundable contribution$250,000 | 60 | 68 | 31 | 80 | n/a | 72 | n/a | n/a | High | 2026-10-12 | ||
| 65 | 🇴🇲Oman Golden Visa | RBI | Investment of OMR 200,000 (real estate, company, bonds, listed shares, fixed deposit or employment creation)OMR 200,000 | 59 | 59 | n/a | 100 | 0 | 66 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-07-01 | ||
| 66 | 🇮🇩Indonesia Golden Visa | RBI | Government bonds, listed shares or mutual funds (5-yr)$350,000 | 59 | 64 | n/a | 100 | 0 | 67 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-09-26 | ||
| 67 | 🇦🇩Andorra Passive Residence | RBI | Housing Fund (€400k) or €1m Andorran assets€400,000 | 58 | 62 | n/a | 96 | 0 | 65 | n/a | 70 | High | 2026-10-11 | ||
| 68 | 🇨🇻Cape Verde Residence by Investment | RBI | Real-estate residence (Green Card)€80,000 | 57 | 80 | 39 | n/a | n/a | 43 | n/a | 70 | High | 2026-10-11 | ||
| 69 | 🇸🇬Singapore Global Investor Programme | RBI | Business investment (Option A, SGD 10m)SGD 10,000,000 | 56 | 29 | n/a | 57 | n/a | 87 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 70 | 🇳🇬Nigeria Investor Visa | RBI | Investor residence (N3A-N3E tiers)$250,000 | 52 | 68 | 28 | 92 | 4 | 71 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 71 | 🇷🇼Rwanda Residence by Investment | RBI | RDB investor permit (PR via ~$500k property / ~$1m project)$250,000 | 49 | 68 | n/a | n/a | 4 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 72 | 🇹🇼Taiwan Investment Residence | RBI | Investment (NT$15m) + 5 jobs, or NT$30m government bondsTWD 15,000,000 | 44 | 61 | n/a | 0 | n/a | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-09-26 | ||
| 73 | 🇰🇾Cayman Islands Residence by Investment | RBI | Real estate (25-yr R41 CI$1m; permanent R42 CI$2m)KYD 1,000,000 | 43 | 50 | n/a | 0 | 44 | 65 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-10-11 | ||
| 74 | 🇱🇰Sri Lanka Golden Paradise Residence Visa | RBI | Minimum deposit in a Golden Paradise Foreign Currency Account (10-yr visa)$200,000 | 41 | 70 | 24 | n/a | 0 | 65 | n/a | 55 | High | 2026-09-26 | ||
| 75 | 🇭🇰Hong Kong CIES | RBI | Capital investment (HKD 30m total: HKD 27m permissible assets + HKD 3m CIES Investment Portfolio)HKD 30,000,000 | 38 | 37 | n/a | n/a | 0 | 67 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-06-04 | ||
| 76 | 🇰🇼Kuwait Investor Residency | RBI | KDIPA-licensed investment entity: investment value ≥ KWD 5m, capital ≥ KWD 1m, residency up to 15 yearsKWD 5,000,000 | 24 | 20 | n/a | 0 | n/a | 35 | n/a | 85 | High | 2026-09-17 |
Each programme is scored 0 to 100 per dimension, then combined by the published weights (methodology); where a dimension lacks verified data (shown as n/a) its weight is re-normalised across the remaining dimensions. Confidence: High = fully ranked with field-level provenance records; Medium = ranked, provenance records pending. Last verified is the most recent field-level verification date in the provenance ledger.
Discuss any ranked programme with a senior advisor, in your language. Personal reply within 24 hours during working days.
Explore the weights
The official Index uses the published weights shown below. If your priorities differ, adjust the sliders to see how the top of the table would re-order under your own weighting. The result is a reader view only; it is computed in your browser from the same published dimension scores and never changes the official Index.
Coverage transparency
The 77 programmes below are tracked in the dataset but not ranked, for one of three reasons. 7 are provisional: excluded until their data meets the verification bar, with every core field (minimum investment, processing time, mobility, status) verified against an official source. 65 are reference entries: they have no fixed investment threshold, so cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology and they are unrankable by design, not because of data gaps. 5 are announced: the government has announced the programme, but it does not yet accept applications, so there is no operating record to score. In the downloads, ranked programmes carry rank_status "ranked"; below-coverage programmes "provisional"; no-fixed-threshold programmes "reference"; announced programmes rank_status "announced".
| Programme | Type | Status and what is tracked | What is missing for ranking |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🇦🇱Albania Pensioner Residence Permit | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇦🇷Argentina Rentista Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: speed, path, family. |
| 🇦🇲Armenia Residency | RBI Reference | Operational · Speed, Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-03 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, family. |
| 🇦🇼Aruba Pensioner and Rentier Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family, tax. |
| 🇦🇹Austria Financially-Independent Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-09-18 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, family. |
| 🇧🇸Bahamas Annual Permit to Reside | RBI Reference | Operational · Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, family. |
| 🇧🇭Bahrain Golden Residency for Retirees | RBI Reference | Operational · Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, family. |
| 🇧🇧Barbados Immigrant Status for Retirement | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family, tax. |
| 🇧🇿Belize Qualified Retired Persons (QRP) Programme | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family, tax. |
| 🇧🇲Bermuda Economic Investment Residential Certificate | RBI Provisional | Operational · Cost, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-06-04 | Verified data pending for mobility, speed, path, family |
| 🇧🇼Botswana Impact Investment Program | CBI Announced, not yet open | Announced, not yet open · Mobility, Speed, Stability scored · last verified 2026-10-12 | Verified data pending for cost, path, family, tax |
| 🇧🇷Brazil VITEM XIV Retiree Visa | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-08 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: speed, path, family. |
| 🇧🇬Bulgaria Pensioner Residence Permit | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇰🇭Cambodia ER Retirement Visa (Extension of Stay) | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇨🇱Chile Residence for Retirees and Rentistas | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇨🇴Colombia M-Pensionado Visa | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-08 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇨🇷Costa Rica Pensionado and Rentista Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇨🇼Curaçao Penshonado Retiree Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇨🇾Cyprus Category F Permanent Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: speed, path, family. |
| 🇩🇴Dominican Republic Pensioner Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-09 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, family. |
| 🇩🇴Dominican Republic Rentier Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-09 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, family. |
| 🇪🇨Ecuador Pensioner and Rentier Residence (Jubilado and Rentista) | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇪🇹Ethiopia Golden Visa | RBI Announced, not yet open | Announced, not yet open · Stability scored · last verified 2026-09-18 | Verified data pending for cost, mobility, speed, path, family, tax (processing time) |
| 🇫🇯Fiji Residence Permit on Assured Income | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇫🇷France Long-Stay Visitor Visa and Visitor Residence Card | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Stability scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: speed, path, family, tax. |
| 🇬🇮Gibraltar Category 2 Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Speed, Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, family. |
| 🇬🇷Greece Financially Independent Person Residence Permit | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: speed, path, family. |
| 🇬🇹Guatemala Pensioner and Rentier Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇭🇳Honduras Pensioner and Rentier Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇮🇩Indonesia Elderly Second Home Visa (E33E, 5 years) | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇮🇩Indonesia Elderly Second Home Visa (E33F, 1 year) | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇮🇪Ireland Stamp 0 Permission for Retirees and Persons of Independent Means | RBI Reference | Operational · Path, Stability scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, family, tax. |
| 🇮🇹Italy Elective Residence Visa | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: speed, family. |
| 🇯🇪Jersey High-Value Residency | RBI Reference | Operational · Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-09-22 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, family. |
| 🇰🇪Kenya Class G Investor Permit | RBI Provisional | Operational · Cost, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-09-26 | Verified data pending for mobility, speed, path, family |
| 🇰🇪Kenya Class K Permit (Ordinary Residents) | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇱🇻Latvia Pensioner Residence Permit | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇱🇮Liechtenstein Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-06-05 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇲🇻Maldives Pearl Residence | RBI Announced, not yet open | Announced, not yet open · Speed, Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-08 | Verified data pending for cost, mobility, family |
| 🇲🇹Malta Citizenship by Merit | CBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Path, Stability scored · last verified 2026-09-20 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: speed, family, tax. |
| 🇲🇹Malta Nomad Residence Permit | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Speed, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-03-20 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: path, family. |
| 🇲🇹Malta Retirement Programme | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Stability scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: speed, path, family, tax. |
| 🇲🇺Mauritius Residence Permit for Retired Non-Citizens | RBI Reference | Operational · Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, family. |
| 🇲🇨Monaco Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Speed, Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, family. |
| 🇲🇦Morocco Visitor Card for Retirees (no dedicated retirement visa) | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family, tax. |
| 🇳🇦Namibia Permanent Residence for Retirees (s. 26, no dedicated retirement permit) | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇳🇿New Zealand Retirement Visas (Temporary Retirement Visitor, Parent Retirement Resident) | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇵🇦Panama Friendly Nations Visa (Países Amigos) | RBI Provisional | Operational · Cost, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-09 | Verified data pending for mobility, speed, path, family (processing time) |
| 🇵🇦Panama Pensionado Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-10 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇵🇦Panama Rentista Retirado Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-10 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇵🇾Paraguay Investor Pass | RBI Provisional | Emerging programme · Cost, Stability scored · last verified 2026-09-25 | Verified data pending for mobility, speed, path, family, tax (processing time) |
| 🇵🇾Paraguay Residence for Pensioners | RBI Reference | Operational · Path, Stability scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, family, tax. |
| 🇵🇪Peru Rentista Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇵🇹Portugal D7 Passive-Income Visa | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: speed, family. |
| 🇸🇲San Marino Atypical Residence for Pensioners | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family, tax. |
| 🇸🇨Seychelles Permanent Residence | RBI Provisional | Operational · Cost, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-09-26 | Verified data pending for mobility, speed, path, family |
| 🇿🇦South Africa Retired Person Visa | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: speed, path, family. |
| 🇪🇸Spain Non-Lucrative Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family, tax. |
| 🇱🇰Sri Lanka My Dream Home Visa Programme | RBI Announced, not yet open | Operational · Mobility, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | Verified data pending for cost, speed, path, family (processing time) |
| 🇻🇨St. Vincent and the Grenadines | CBI Announced, not yet open | Announced, not yet open · Mobility, Stability scored · last verified 2026-10-12 | Verified data pending for cost, speed, path, family, tax |
| 🇨🇭Switzerland (Lump-Sum Taxation) | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Speed, Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: family. |
| 🇹🇿Tanzania Class A Investor Permit | RBI Provisional | Operational · Cost, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-06-05 | Verified data pending for mobility, speed, path, family (processing time) |
| 🇹🇭Thailand LTR Visa, Wealthy Pensioner | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇹🇭Thailand Non-Immigrant O-A and O-X Retirement Visas | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇹🇭Thailand Privilege Residence | RBI Provisional | Operational · Cost, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-03-18 | Verified data pending for mobility, speed, path, family (processing time) |
| 🇹🇳Tunisia Residence Card for Retired Foreigners | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family, tax. |
| 🇹🇷Turkey Short-Term Residence Permit (Tourism Purpose) | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: speed, path, family. |
| 🇹🇨Turks and Caicos Residence Permit, Independent Means | RBI Reference | Operational · Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, path, family. |
| 🇦🇪UAE Retirement Residence Visa | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-08 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: speed, family. |
| 🇺🇾Uruguay Residence | RBI Reference | Operational · Path, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-08 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: mobility, speed, family. |
| 🇺🇸USA E-1 Treaty Trader Visa | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Speed, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-13 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: path, family. |
| 🇺🇸USA E-2 Treaty Investor Visa | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Speed, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-13 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: path, family. |
| 🇺🇸USA EB-1A Extraordinary Ability Green Card | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Speed, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-13 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: path, family. |
| 🇺🇸USA EB-2 National Interest Waiver Green Card | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Speed, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-13 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: path, family. |
| 🇺🇸USA L-1A Intracompany Executive/Manager Visa | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-13 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: speed, path, family. |
| 🇺🇸USA O-1 Extraordinary Ability Visa | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Speed, Stability, Tax scored · last verified 2026-10-13 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: path, family. |
| 🇻🇺Vanuatu Self-Funded Residence Visa | RBI Reference | Operational · Mobility, Path, Stability scored · last verified 2026-10-11 | No fixed investment threshold, reference entry: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so the programme is tracked but not rankable. Unverified dimensions: speed, family, tax. |
Programme terms can change without notice. We record verified changes only where they are supported by official government or legal sources; each entry states exactly what changed, before and after, with the source it was verified against. Sensitive matters are reviewed internally before publication.
UAE Golden Visa · Property route, payment rule.
Before: At least 50% of the property value (minimum AED 1,000,000) paid upfront.
Now: Any property with a total value of AED 2,000,000 or more qualifies, regardless of payment stage (from February 2026); Dubai co-owners qualify from a registered share of AED 400,000.
Greece Golden Visa · Permit validity and residence cards (Law 5275/2026, in force 6 February 2026).
Before: Permit period effectively counted from investment completion; physical card collection in Greece.
Now: Permit validity runs from the date of residence-card issuance; digital residence cards introduced. Investment tiers unchanged (EUR 800,000 / EUR 400,000 / EUR 250,000 by zone and route).
Nauru Economic and Climate Resilience Citizenship Program (Iruwa Initiative) · Promotional contribution window.
Before: USD 90,000 promotional contribution available until 30 June 2026.
Now: Extended to 31 December 2026 (Program Office circular of 15 June 2026); standard contribution USD 115,000 thereafter.
Paraguay Investor Pass · New programme (Resolution 0283/2026, launched 28 April 2026).
Before: No investor fast track; standard two-year temporary residence before permanent status.
Now: Direct permanent residency from USD 70,000 productive investment (real-estate, financial-instrument and tourism routes at USD 200,000); 10-year renewable permanent residence.
Hong Kong New Capital Investment Entrant Scheme (New CIES) · Eligible investment vehicles.
Before: Private holding companies required a minimum incorporation period before application.
Now: Holding companies incorporated less than six months before application are eligible (measure effective 1 March 2026).
New Zealand Active Investor Plus · Growth category, qualifying allocation.
Before: No philanthropic allocation permitted within the qualifying investment.
Now: Up to 20% of the qualifying investment may be allocated to registered New Zealand charities (from 1 June 2026).
Italy flat-tax regime for new residents · Annual substitute tax on foreign income.
Before: EUR 200,000 per year (family members EUR 25,000).
Now: EUR 300,000 per year (family members EUR 50,000), effective 1 January 2026; existing participants keep their original rate. The Italy Investor Visa thresholds are unchanged.
Mauritius residency routes · New route announced.
Before: Property and premium residency routes from USD 375,000.
Now: A separate Golden Visa announced 5 May 2026: USD 1,000,000 minimum in approved sectors, two-year renewable permit, about 100 places per year; not yet issuing visas as of July 2026.
How this log works. Our research desk monitors official gazettes, programme authorities and primary legal sources daily. A change is listed here only once it has been verified against the source shown. Public corrections to our own data are noted in this log too (see the corrections policy). This log records rule and pricing changes as information, not advice, and not a recommendation for or against any programme. Full risk archive: a dedicated Risk Observatory surface is in preparation.
Methodology workbook
Each programme is scored 0-100 on seven dimensions, combined into a weighted composite. Where a dimension has no verified data it is excluded and the remaining weights are re-normalized (see data_completeness).
Minimum investment converted to USD (indicative FX), log-normalized, lower cost scores higher.
CBI: passport visa-free destination count; RBI: residence travel rights (e.g., Schengen).
Lower-bound official/indicative processing time, faster scores higher.
Path to citizenship, immediate (CBI) scores highest; RBI by years to eligibility.
Programme maturity and status (operational vs emerging; longevity).
Cost premium to include a family of four, lower premium scores higher.
Tax-regime favourability (headline indicator).
Each dimension is normalised to a 0 to 100 score from the verified underlying figure (for example, minimum investment converted to USD and log-normalised for cost). The composite is the weighted sum of the dimension scores using the published weights above. Where a dimension has no verified data it is excluded and the remaining weights are re-normalised, and the gap is shown as n/a in the table rather than imputed.
Sources are ranked: primary law and gazettes first, then government guidance, then the responsible agency or programme-authority page, then corroborated secondary reporting. A figure enters the dataset at the highest tier available, and the tier is recorded in the provenance ledger alongside the source URL and verification date.
No figure is invented and no gap is imputed. A programme missing any core field is held provisional and excluded from the ranking; a ranked programme missing a non-core dimension has that dimension shown as n/a and its weight re-normalised. Uncertain values are withheld until verified.
Non-USD minimums are converted at indicative rates snapshotted when the dataset is generated (this edition: 2026-10-16). The rates used are published in the dataset download so any conversion can be reproduced. Converted values are indicative and rounded; the governing amount is always the official local-currency figure.
The dataset covers formal citizenship-by-investment and residency-by-investment programmes with a defined qualifying investment route. Closed programmes are excluded from the ranking. Programmes with no fixed investment threshold (for example discretionary or negotiated-amount regimes) form a separate reference bucket: cost is not comparable under the cost-weighted methodology, so they are excluded from the ranking by design, not because of data gaps. Routes we cannot yet verify against an official source are tracked as provisional.
A weekly freshness audit flags stale or diverging fields for re-verification, and the research desk monitors official sources daily. Editions are published quarterly. Substantive corrections are typically published within 7 days of verification and noted in the observatory log.
Independent academic and legal review of this methodology is scheduled for Q4 2026. No external review has been completed to date and we do not claim one; until then, every figure remains traceable to its source through the provenance ledger, and the full methodology, weights and dataset are published here so anyone can check our work.
Indicative, for general information only, not legal, financial, tax, or investment advice. Figures and FX are approximate and subject to change; programmes are governed solely by the respective sovereign governments. Verify current terms with Mirabello Consultancy or the relevant authority. © Mirabello Consultancy Ltd. This page is information, not advice: it is not an eligibility determination and not legal, tax or investment advice. Programme terms change; confirm the detail with a specialist and seek independent advice where appropriate.
Note for EU, EEA and Swiss citizens: the golden visa programmes in this Index (including Portugal, Greece, Malta and Cyprus) are open to non-EU nationals. EU, EEA and Swiss citizens are not eligible, because they already have free movement and the right to settle within the EU.
Open data
The full Observatory dataset is public and machine-readable, in four formats from the same provenance-tracked backbone. Corrections contact: mail@mirabelloconsultancy.com.
All 153 programmes with scores, key figures, provenance and freshness metadata.
mirabelloconsultancy.com/index.json
Download JSON →
CSVRank, composite, all seven sub-scores, confidence band, last-verified date and rank_status (ranked, provisional or reference) per programme.
mirabelloconsultancy.com/mirabello-index.csv
Download CSV →
RESTRead-only REST API for any HTTP client, including GET /v1/index and GET /v1/recent-changes.
mcp.mirabelloconsultancy.com/v1
Browse the API →
MCPModel Context Protocol endpoint serving the same dataset to agentic clients.
mcp.mirabelloconsultancy.com
Connect →
This dataset and ranking are free to cite, quote and reuse, commercially or otherwise, with attribution to the "Mirabello Investment Migration Index" and a link to this page (www.mirabelloconsultancy.com/mirabello-investment-migration-index). Suggested citation for the dataset:
Corrections policy. If you believe any figure on this page is wrong, write to mail@mirabelloconsultancy.com with the field in question and your source. We verify every report against official sources; confirmed substantive corrections are typically published within 7 days of verification, applied to the dataset and noted publicly in the verified change log above. We would rather be corrected than be wrong.
Press & research kit
This baseline edition ranks 76 of 153 tracked investment-migration programmes (14 citizenship, 62 residency); 7 further programmes are tracked as provisional pending official-source verification, 65 as reference entries with no fixed investment threshold (unrankable under the cost-weighted methodology by design), and 5 as announced programmes not yet open. Across the 14 ranked citizenship-by-investment programmes, minimum qualifying investments span $90,000 to $1,000,000 (indicative USD conversion). The observatory log records 8 verified regulatory or pricing changes, all verified this quarter, each supported by an official government or legal source. 76 of the 76 ranked programmes carry field-level provenance records (High confidence band).
All figures above are computed from the published dataset and can be reproduced from the downloads in the open-data section.
Press contact: Mirabello Consultancy, mail@mirabelloconsultancy.com. Zurich · Dubai · Hong Kong (SAR).
Release notes
This edition is marked provisional pending the scheduled Q4 2026 independent review of the methodology. Prior editions: the archive begins with this baseline edition.
All figures are time-sensitive; verify against the linked official sources before acting. Book a free consultation for advice tailored to your situation.
AI guide for immigration and relocation
Ask Mira, our AI guide for immigration and relocation, about costs, timelines and the route that fits, in plain language. General information, and a Mirabello specialist confirms your specific case.