# Wealth-Protection Jurisdiction Atlas: 124 Jurisdictions Compared

A proprietary, source-linked comparison of 124 jurisdictions across seven pillars for lawful wealth-protection planning. Weight the pillars for your own profile and the ranking re-sorts. There is no single best jurisdiction.

- **124** Jurisdictions compared
- **7** Pillars scored
- **27** Tier 1 hubs
- **31 October 2026** Data updated

## What is the Wealth-Protection Jurisdiction Atlas?

The Mirabello Wealth-Protection Jurisdiction Atlas is a proprietary comparison of 124 jurisdictions across seven pillars, from tax efficiency and legal structures to succession rules, international compliance and institutional stability. Every score comes from official sources and a published method, so families and their advisers can compare jurisdictions for lawful planning.

**What "wealth protection" means here.** In this Atlas, "wealth protection" means LAWFUL risk management across governance quality, institutional stability, regulatory robustness, succession certainty and long-term planning infrastructure. It does NOT mean secrecy, concealment, aggressive tax arrangements or avoidance of reporting obligations.

## Important: please read

- This Atlas is provided for general information and comparison only and is NOT legal, tax, investment, immigration, fiduciary, accounting or financial-planning advice, and is not a solicitation or recommendation to relocate, invest or restructure.
- A higher score or tier does NOT mean a jurisdiction is suitable or appropriate for any particular person or family; suitability depends on residence, tax residence, nationality, family circumstances, source of funds, asset profile and reporting obligations, and requires tailored professional advice before any decision.
- Mirabello supports only LAWFUL, transparent and fully disclosed cross-border planning. This Atlas must NOT be used to evade tax, conceal assets, avoid reporting obligations, frustrate creditors unlawfully, breach sanctions or mislead any authority.
- Users remain responsible for all reporting and disclosure obligations under regimes such as the OECD Common Reporting Standard (CRS) and, where applicable, US FATCA, which require automatic exchange of financial-account information between tax authorities.
- This Atlas is NOT a regulated financial benchmark, index, credit rating, investment product or reference rate, and is not designed to be referenced in contracts, financial instruments or performance measurement.
- No guarantee is given as to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of any figure; rules change frequently and time-sensitive items (fees, thresholds, tax rates, processing times, quotas, eligibility) must be treated as CHECK-OFFICIAL-SOURCE and verified directly with the relevant official government source at the point of use.
- To the fullest extent permitted by law, Mirabello Consultancy accepts no liability for any loss arising from reliance on this Atlas.
- The Mirabello Jurisdiction Resilience Methodology, scores and presentation are proprietary to Mirabello Consultancy (© Mirabello Consultancy). World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators are used under CC-BY 4.0; the World Bank does not endorse this work.

## How do you compare jurisdictions for your own profile?

The interactive Atlas lets you move seven weighting sliders, one per pillar, and re-sorts all 124 jurisdictions live. Select a jurisdiction to see its pillar profile, compare several side by side, and share the exact view by copying the page address, which keeps your weights and selections.

## How are the 124 jurisdictions tiered?

Mirabello places each jurisdiction in one of three published tiers by its composite score: 27 jurisdictions score 80 or more and form Tier 1, 91 score from 65 to below 80 and form Tier 2, and 6 score below 65 and form Tier 3. The thresholds are fixed and applied mechanically.

These tiers are NOT ratings of tax competitiveness or secrecy and must not be read as "tax haven" rankings; they reflect jurisdictional resilience, governance quality and wealth-management infrastructure for lawful planning.

### Tier 1: Premier Global Hubs 27

Jurisdictions combining strong rule of law, deep financial-market infrastructure and mature regulatory oversight.

Kuwait **91.8** * *·*Isle of Man **89.9** * *·*Guernsey **89.2** * *·*Bahrain **88.6** * *·*Gibraltar **88.6** * *·*Jersey **87.5***·*Liechtenstein **87.3***·*Monaco **87.3** * *·*United Arab Emirates **86.3***·*Cayman Islands **85.9***·*Paraguay **85.6** * *·*Bermuda **85.1***·*Singapore **84.3***·*Bahamas **83.8***·*Bulgaria **83.3** * *·*Georgia **83.3** * *·*Maldives **83** * *·*Cook Islands **82.9***·*Hong Kong **82.6***·*Nauru **81.9** * *·*Czechia **81.7** * *·*Nigeria **81.7** * *·*Antigua and Barbuda **81.5***·*Bosnia and Herzegovina **80.8** * *·*Andorra **80.7***·*Oman **80.1***·*Seychelles **80** *

### Tier 2: Established Wealth Centres 91

Jurisdictions with well-developed private-wealth services underpinned by stable institutions and recognised international-cooperation frameworks.

Estonia **79.6** * *·*Hungary **79.5** * *·*Brunei Darussalam **79.4** * *·*Barbados **79.3** * *·*British Virgin Islands **79.3** * *·*Guatemala **79** * *·*Qatar **78.6***·*Peru **78.3** * *·*North Macedonia **78.2** * *·*St Kitts and Nevis **77.9***·*Indonesia **77.8** * *·*Armenia **77.4** * *·*Malta **77.3***·*India **77.1** * *·*Switzerland **77.1***·*Rwanda **77** * *·*Costa Rica **76.7** * *·*Malaysia **76.6***·*Mauritius **76.5***·*Brazil **76** * *·*Croatia **75** * *·*Kenya **74.9** * *·*Mexico **74.9** * *·*Saint Lucia **74.9***·*Saudi Arabia **74.8***·*Belarus **74.7** * *·*Uruguay **74.3***·*Chad **74.2** * *·*Grenada **73.8***·*Saint Vincent and the Grenadines **73.8***·*Argentina **73.7** * *·*Australia **73.7** * *·*Cyprus **73.5***·*Dominica **73.5***·*Pakistan **73.5** * *·*Albania **73.2** * *·*Fiji **73.1** * *·*South Korea **73** * *·*Serbia **72.8** * *·*South Sudan **72.4** * *·*Austria **72.3** * *·*Chile **72.3** * *·*Belize **72.2***·*Canada **72.1***·*Botswana **71.9** * *·*Bolivia **71.8** * *·*Burkina Faso **71.6** * *·*New Zealand **71.5** * *·*Azerbaijan **71.4** * *·*Cambodia **71.4** * *·*Spain **71.3***·*Egypt **71.2** * *·*Taiwan **71.1** * *·*Angola **70.8** * *·*Montenegro **70.7** * *·*Portugal **70.5***·*Cape Verde **70.3** * *·*Latvia **70.2** * *·*El Salvador **70.1** * *·*Tanzania **70.1** * *·*Namibia **70** * *·*Germany **69.8***·*China **69.7** * *·*Algeria **69.5** * *·*Colombia **69.3** * *·*United Kingdom **69.3***·*Cameroon **69.2** * *·*Vanuatu **69.2***·*São Tomé and Príncipe **69.1** * *·*Greece **68.9***·*Italy **68.9***·*Thailand **68.9***·*Ecuador **68.6** * *·*Netherlands **68.4***·*Belgium **68** * *·*Philippines **67.9** * *·*Honduras **67.8** * *·*Sri Lanka **67.7** * *·*Dominican Republic **67.5** * *·*Bangladesh **67.4** * *·*Ethiopia **67.2** * *·*Ireland **66.9** * *·*Burundi **66.8** * *·*Slovenia **66.7** * *·*Bhutan **66.5** * *·*Democratic Republic of Congo **66.4** * *·*United States **66.3***·*Jordan **66** * *·*Luxembourg **66** * *·*Sierra Leone **66** * *·*Japan **65.7** *

### Tier 3: Emerging and Specialist Centres 6

Jurisdictions developing niche capabilities in specific segments within evolving regulatory frameworks.

France **64.5***·*South Africa **64.1** * *·*Panama **63.9***·*Republic of Congo **60.4** * *·*Turkey **58.1** * *·*Vietnam **52.2** *

* Not covered by the World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators: scored on the other six pillars and shown as a specialised financial centre, never given a proxy score.

## Which jurisdictions lead each pillar?

Pillar leaders show where each jurisdiction is strongest on a single dimension, independent of the composite. Several jurisdictions often share the top score on a pillar, which is why the composite and your own weighting matter more than any single pillar when you compare jurisdictions for a real plan.

- **Tax efficiency** Antigua and Barbuda (100), Bahamas (100), Bahrain (100), Belize (100), Bermuda (100)
- **Structure strength** Albania (75), Algeria (75), Andorra (75), Angola (75), Antigua and Barbuda (75)
- **Residence clarity** Italy (93), United States (93), France (92), Thailand (92), United Kingdom (92)
- **Crypto clarity** Algeria (90), Australia (88), Austria (88), India (88), Singapore (88)
- **Succession certainty** India (88), United Kingdom (88), Isle of Man (85), Czechia (84), Singapore (84)
- **Regulatory transparency** Albania (100), Andorra (100), Antigua and Barbuda (100), Argentina (100), Armenia (100)
- **Institutional stability** Switzerland (85.7), Liechtenstein (84.4), Netherlands (83.2), Singapore (83), Canada (80.7)

## How do all 124 jurisdictions compare?

The table lists every jurisdiction with its composite score and all seven pillar scores, using Mirabello's default weights, followed by the data confidence of each record. A dash means the pillar is not scored because no qualifying official source exists, which the method treats as unscored rather than estimated.

| Jurisdiction | Composite | Tax efficiency | Structure strength | Residence clarity | Crypto clarity | Succession certainty | Regulatory transparency | Institutional stability | Data confidence |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kuwait KW * | 91.8 | 97 | 75 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 90 |
| Isle of Man IM * | 89.9 | 100 | 75 | 82 | 80 | 85 | 100 | - | 84 |
| Guernsey GG * | 89.2 | 100 | 75 | 86 | 78 | 76 | 100 | - | 88 |
| Bahrain BH * | 88.6 | 100 | 75 | 90 | 76 | 68 | 100 | - | 90 |
| Gibraltar GI * | 88.6 | 100 | 75 | 84 | 85 | 70 | 100 | - | 74 |
| Jersey JE | 87.5 | 100 | 75 | 84 | 78 | 82 | 100 | 78.9 | 90 |
| Liechtenstein LI | 87.3 | 100 | 75 | 80 | 76 | 74 | 100 | 84.4 | 88 |
| Monaco MC * | 87.3 | 100 | 75 | 78 | 72 | 72 | 100 | - | 72 |
| United Arab Emirates AE | 86.3 | 100 | 75 | 88 | 88 | 83 | 100 | 67.8 | 82 |
| Cayman Islands KY | 85.9 | 100 | 75 | 74 | 86 | 82 | 100 | 73.7 | 88 |
| Paraguay PY * | 85.6 | 83.3 | 75 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 72 |
| Bermuda BM | 85.1 | 100 | 75 | 70 | 85 | 78 | 100 | 74.2 | 87 |
| Singapore SG | 84.3 | 78.7 | 75 | 90 | 88 | 84 | 100 | 83 | 90 |
| Bahamas BS | 83.8 | 100 | 75 | 72 | 82 | 78 | 100 | 67.1 | 88 |
| Bulgaria BG * | 83.3 | 85.1 | 75 | 82 | 82 | 68 | 100 | - | 80 |
| Georgia GE * | 83.3 | 79.2 | 75 | 87 | 82 | 78 | 100 | - | 88 |
| Maldives MV * | 83 | 77.6 | 75 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 72 |
| Cook Islands CK | 82.9 | 100 | 75 | 72 | 70 | 76 | 100 | 66.7 | 84 |
| Hong Kong HK | 82.6 | 84.9 | 75 | 82 | 85 | 78 | 100 | 74.3 | 88 |
| Nauru NR * | 81.9 | 79.2 | 75 | 72 | - | - | 100 | - | 68 |
| Czechia CZ * | 81.7 | 70.5 | 75 | 90 | 82 | 84 | 100 | - | 82 |
| Nigeria NG * | 81.7 | 74.8 | 75 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 80 |
| Antigua and Barbuda AG | 81.5 | 100 | 75 | 70 | 72 | 65 | 100 | 65.9 | 82 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina BA * | 80.8 | 83.3 | 75 | 72 | 68 | 70 | 100 | - | 78 |
| Andorra AD | 80.7 | 85.1 | 75 | 85 | 62 | 62 | 100 | 77 | 72 |
| Oman OM | 80.1 | 100 | 75 | 68 | 66 | 64 | 100 | 61.5 | 70 |
| Seychelles SC * | 80 | 70.3 | 75 | 82 | - | - | 100 | - | 88 |
| Estonia EE * | 79.6 | 67.1 | 75 | 85 | 83 | 80 | 100 | - | 85 |
| Hungary HU * | 79.5 | 68.6 | 75 | 80 | 80 | 82 | 100 | - | 80 |
| Brunei Darussalam BN * | 79.4 | 97 | 75 | 78 | 72 | 76 | 60 | - | 92 |
| Barbados BB * | 79.3 | 75.6 | 75 | 73 | 68 | 76 | 100 | - | 74 |
| British Virgin Islands VG * | 79.3 | 100 | 75 | 68 | 84 | 72 | 60 | - | 84 |
| Guatemala GT * | 79 | 87.7 | 75 | 87 | 62 | 70 | 75 | - | 90 |
| Qatar QA | 78.6 | 90 | 75 | 66 | 64 | 68 | 100 | 66 | 70 |
| Peru PE * | 78.3 | 67.3 | 75 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 82 |
| North Macedonia MK * | 78.2 | 82.1 | 75 | - | - | - | 75 | - | 83 |
| St Kitts and Nevis KN | 77.9 | 90 | 75 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 100 | 65.9 | 85 |
| Indonesia ID * | 77.8 | 65.8 | 75 | 80 | 82 | 74 | 100 | - | 88 |
| Armenia AM * | 77.4 | 70.1 | 75 | 74 | 75 | 70 | 100 | - | 78 |
| Malta MT | 77.3 | 68.9 | 75 | 82 | 80 | 82 | 100 | 66.9 | 70 |
| India IN * | 77.1 | 54.8 | 75 | 85 | 88 | 88 | 100 | - | 82 |
| Switzerland CH | 77.1 | 50 | 75 | 90 | 84 | 80 | 100 | 85.7 | 84 |
| Rwanda RW * | 77 | 64.3 | 75 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 78 |
| Costa Rica CR * | 76.7 | 68.7 | 75 | 72 | 70 | 72 | 100 | - | 80 |
| Malaysia MY | 76.6 | 67.3 | 75 | 90 | 83 | 76 | 100 | 63.8 | 78 |
| Mauritius MU | 76.5 | 68.9 | 75 | 90 | 65 | 74 | 100 | 66.9 | 78 |
| Brazil BR * | 76 | 59.5 | 75 | 85 | 84 | 70 | 100 | - | 80 |
| Croatia HR * | 75 | 61.4 | 75 | 72 | 68 | 78 | 100 | - | 78 |
| Kenya KE * | 74.9 | 56.8 | 75 | 82 | 75 | - | 100 | - | 82 |
| Mexico MX * | 74.9 | 59.8 | 75 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 83 |
| Saint Lucia LC | 74.9 | 73.3 | 75 | 80 | 62 | 63 | 100 | 64.7 | 84 |
| Saudi Arabia SA | 74.8 | 74.5 | 75 | 80 | 60 | 72 | 100 | 58.5 | 72 |
| Belarus BY * | 74.7 | 69.9 | 75 | 80 | 80 | 78 | 75 | - | 65 |
| Uruguay UY | 74.3 | 60.2 | 75 | 85 | 62 | 65 | 100 | 74.7 | 74 |
| Chad TD * | 74.2 | 58.2 | 75 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 75 |
| Grenada GD | 73.8 | 73.3 | 75 | 72 | 62 | 62 | 100 | 63.5 | 66 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VC | 73.8 | 73.3 | 75 | 70 | 60 | 62 | 100 | 65 | 78 |
| Argentina AR * | 73.7 | 54.3 | 75 | 82 | 78 | 70 | 100 | - | 78 |
| Australia AU * | 73.7 | 46.4 | 75 | 85 | 88 | 82 | 100 | - | 82 |
| Cyprus CY | 73.5 | 56.8 | 75 | 88 | 70 | 72 | 100 | 67.9 | 82 |
| Dominica DM | 73.5 | 68.9 | 75 | 80 | 62 | 62 | 100 | 63.8 | 78 |
| Pakistan PK * | 73.5 | 56.8 | 75 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 85 |
| Albania AL * | 73.2 | 60 | 75 | 78 | 70 | 60 | 100 | - | 72 |
| Fiji FJ * | 73.1 | 59.3 | 75 | 75 | 62 | 68 | 100 | - | 88 |
| South Korea KR * | 73 | 52 | 75 | 82 | - | - | 100 | - | 83 |
| Serbia RS * | 72.8 | 70.1 | 75 | - | - | - | 75 | - | 85 |
| South Sudan SS * | 72.4 | 69.2 | 75 | - | - | - | 75 | - | 72 |
| Austria AT * | 72.3 | 43.3 | 75 | 88 | 88 | 76 | 100 | - | 87 |
| Chile CL * | 72.3 | 48.9 | 75 | 80 | 72 | 78 | 100 | - | 82 |
| Belize BZ | 72.2 | 100 | 75 | 62 | 60 | 68 | 60 | 54.9 | 85 |
| Canada CA | 72.1 | 37 | 75 | 90 | 70 | 80 | 100 | 80.7 | 85 |
| Botswana BW * | 71.9 | 57.2 | 75 | 72 | 65 | 65 | 100 | - | 80 |
| Bolivia BO * | 71.8 | 71.4 | 75 | 68 | 65 | 70 | 75 | - | 70 |
| Burkina Faso BF * | 71.6 | 61.7 | 75 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 100 | - | 62 |
| New Zealand NZ * | 71.5 | 52.3 | 75 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 82 |
| Azerbaijan AZ * | 71.4 | 66.3 | 75 | 80 | 65 | 68 | 75 | - | 66 |
| Cambodia KH * | 71.4 | 67.1 | 75 | - | - | - | 75 | - | 72 |
| Spain ES | 71.3 | 44.5 | 75 | 90 | 78 | 72 | 100 | 69.3 | 88 |
| Egypt EG * | 71.2 | 66.5 | 75 | 75 | 62 | 72 | 75 | - | 80 |
| Taiwan TW * | 71.1 | 51.4 | 75 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 80 |
| Angola AO * | 70.8 | 68.5 | 75 | 68 | 70 | 67 | 75 | - | 78 |
| Montenegro ME * | 70.7 | 74.6 | 75 | - | - | - | 60 | - | 72 |
| Portugal PT | 70.5 | 38 | 75 | 90 | 80 | 74 | 100 | 71.7 | 86 |
| Cape Verde CV * | 70.3 | 70.4 | 75 | 68 | 62 | 62 | 75 | - | 68 |
| Latvia LV * | 70.2 | 49.5 | 75 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 85 |
| El Salvador SV * | 70.1 | 64.3 | 75 | - | - | - | 75 | - | 78 |
| Tanzania TZ * | 70.1 | 64.3 | 75 | - | - | - | 75 | - | 77 |
| Namibia NA * | 70 | 64.1 | 75 | - | - | - | 75 | - | 75 |
| Germany DE | 69.8 | 24 | 75 | 90 | 86 | 82 | 100 | 80.2 | 84 |
| China CN * | 69.7 | 44.9 | 75 | 72 | 82 | 70 | 100 | - | 80 |
| Algeria DZ * | 69.5 | 54.3 | 75 | 78 | 90 | 72 | 75 | - | 65 |
| Colombia CO * | 69.3 | 43.2 | 75 | 80 | 78 | 65 | 100 | - | 75 |
| United Kingdom GB | 69.3 | 22.5 | 75 | 92 | 82 | 88 | 100 | 76.7 | 90 |
| Cameroon CM * | 69.2 | 50.3 | 75 | 68 | 65 | 65 | 100 | - | 78 |
| Vanuatu VU | 69.2 | 100 | 75 | 62 | 66 | 60 | 40 | 57 | 76 |
| São Tomé and Príncipe ST * | 69.1 | 64.8 | 75 | 62 | - | - | 75 | - | 63 |
| Greece GR | 68.9 | 43.8 | 75 | 88 | 70 | 70 | 100 | 62.1 | 70 |
| Italy IT | 68.9 | 35.7 | 75 | 93 | 62 | 78 | 100 | 67.5 | 78 |
| Thailand TH | 68.9 | 46.4 | 75 | 92 | 78 | 78 | 100 | 50.8 | 74 |
| Ecuador EC * | 68.6 | 44.1 | 75 | 75 | 62 | 70 | 100 | - | 78 |
| Netherlands NL | 68.4 | 22 | 75 | 88 | 68 | 78 | 100 | 83.2 | 84 |
| Belgium BE * | 68 | 36.3 | 75 | 78 | 73 | 76 | 100 | - | 82 |
| Philippines PH * | 67.9 | 59.3 | 75 | - | - | - | 75 | - | 85 |
| Honduras HN * | 67.8 | 58.7 | 75 | 70 | 65 | 68 | 75 | - | 78 |
| Sri Lanka LK * | 67.7 | 58.9 | 75 | - | - | - | 75 | - | 73 |
| Dominican Republic DO * | 67.5 | 58.1 | 75 | 72 | 60 | 68 | 75 | - | 75 |
| Bangladesh BD * | 67.4 | 48.4 | 75 | 80 | 82 | 72 | 75 | - | 70 |
| Ethiopia ET * | 67.2 | 56.8 | 75 | 65 | 82 | 65 | 75 | - | 78 |
| Ireland IE * | 66.9 | 26.2 | 75 | 88 | 78 | 80 | 100 | - | 86 |
| Burundi BI * | 66.8 | 61.2 | 75 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 75 | - | 72 |
| Slovenia SI * | 66.7 | 41.8 | 75 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 78 |
| Bhutan BT * | 66.5 | 60.3 | 75 | 62 | 63 | 63 | 75 | - | 70 |
| Democratic Republic of Congo CD * | 66.4 | 61.4 | 75 | 63 | 60 | 60 | 75 | - | 63 |
| United States US | 66.3 | 32 | 75 | 93 | 80 | 80 | 75 | 72.3 | 88 |
| Jordan JO * | 66 | 60.3 | 75 | 78 | 62 | - | 60 | - | 78 |
| Luxembourg LU * | 66 | 39.5 | 75 | - | - | 68 | 100 | - | 87 |
| Sierra Leone SL * | 66 | 55.2 | 75 | - | - | - | 75 | - | 70 |
| Japan JP * | 65.7 | 24.7 | 75 | 80 | 78 | 82 | 100 | - | 80 |
| France FR | 64.5 | 10.5 | 75 | 92 | 80 | 80 | 100 | 72.1 | 86 |
| South Africa ZA * | 64.1 | 36.1 | 75 | - | - | - | 100 | - | 88 |
| Panama PA | 63.9 | 71.7 | 75 | 78 | 64 | 66 | 40 | 55.6 | 78 |
| Republic of Congo CG * | 60.4 | 41.4 | 75 | 62 | 65 | 60 | 75 | - | 75 |
| Turkey TR * | 58.1 | 37.3 | 75 | 80 | 62 | - | 60 | - | 76 |
| Vietnam VN * | 52.2 | 60.8 | 75 | - | - | - | 15 | - | 78 |

* Not covered by the World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators: scored on the other six pillars and shown as a specialised financial centre, never given a proxy score.

## How is the Atlas scored?

Scores are computed mechanically from published weights and official inputs, with no discretionary adjustment. The default weights give institutional stability 20% and regulatory transparency 15%, so governance and international compliance carry 35% together and the ranking can never reward opacity.

- **Tax efficiency (25%)** Headline tax burden (personal income / capital gains / inheritance / wealth), lower = higher score; small crypto-friendly nudge. Objective from tax-profiles.
- **Structure strength (15%)** Availability + asset-protection strength of trusts/foundations + charitable vehicles.
- **Residence clarity (10%)** How well-established and officially sourced the tax-residence rules are (our verification confidence on the residence_tests block).
- **Crypto clarity (5%)** How well-established and officially sourced the crypto-asset tax/regulatory position is (verification confidence on the crypto block).
- **Succession certainty (10%)** How well-established and officially sourced the succession / forced-heirship rules are (verification confidence on the succession profile).
- **Regulatory transparency (15%)** International compliance ALIGNMENT (CRS participation + EU-list standing), neutral; higher = more aligned. NOT a secrecy/low-disclosure score.
- **Institutional stability (20%)** Governance/rule-of-law from the World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators (CC-BY), null until WGI is sourced; never guessed.

Mirabello does not advise on, and this Atlas does not support, secrecy, evasion, concealment or artificial tax residence. It supports lawful asset continuity, mobility resilience, succession certainty, tax-residence clarity and regulatory transparency.

## Frequently asked questions

### Is the Atlas a ranking of tax havens?

No. The tiers reflect jurisdictional resilience, governance quality and wealth-management infrastructure for lawful planning, not tax competitiveness or secrecy. Regulatory transparency is scored as alignment with international standards such as the Common Reporting Standard, and being outside a compliance list is never scored as a benefit.

### How are the scores calculated?

Each of the seven pillars is scored from official sources, dated and given a confidence score, and the composite applies Mirabello's published default weights mechanically. Figures below confidence 60 are withheld rather than shown, and the composite is recalculated over the pillars that are available.

### Why do some jurisdictions carry an asterisk?

An asterisk marks a jurisdiction not covered by the World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators. Its institutional stability pillar is left unscored, never estimated, and the jurisdiction is scored on the other six pillars.

### How often is the Atlas updated?

The Atlas is rebuilt weekly from Mirabello's live data backbone, and withheld or stale figures are re-verified continuously. The current data is dated 31 October 2026.

### Can I use the Atlas to decide where to move or invest?

Not on its own. A higher score or tier does not mean a jurisdiction suits a particular person or family; suitability depends on residence, tax residence, nationality, family circumstances, assets and reporting obligations, and needs tailored professional advice before any decision.

### Does Mirabello have a conflict of interest?

Mirabello earns fees advising on residence, citizenship and wealth structuring, so it has a commercial interest in some jurisdictions covered. To manage this, the method, weights, sources and data rules are published in full and applied uniformly, and scores come from official inputs, not commercial relationships.

### How do I start with Mirabello Consultancy?

Book a free, confidential consultation. A Mirabello Consultancy specialist reviews your residence, family, assets and goals, and explains which jurisdictions and programmes genuinely fit your situation, in any of our 11 languages. [Book a free consultation](https://www.mirabelloconsultancy.com/contact-us-for-your-free-consultation?route=atlas)

## What else helps with cross-border wealth planning?

Wealth planning across borders usually involves more than one question. Succession law, tax residency, residence and citizenship programmes and the data behind them all interact, so these related Mirabello resources cover the next questions most families ask after comparing jurisdictions in the Atlas.

**Official sources:** [World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators](https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators) · [OECD: Common Reporting Standard (2025 consolidated text)](https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/consolidated-text-of-the-common-reporting-standard-2025_055664b1-en.html) · [EUR-Lex: EU law](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/)

Mirabello Consultancy: IMC member, ACAMS-certified leadership. Information, not advice.

## Want a weighting built for your family?

A Mirabello Consultancy specialist can apply the Atlas to your residence, assets and goals and explain the options in confidence.

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Source: Mirabello Consultancy, verified 2026-10-31, https://www.mirabelloconsultancy.com/wealth-protection-jurisdiction-atlas
Free consultation: https://www.mirabelloconsultancy.com/contact-us-for-your-free-consultation
Machine-readable data: Mirabello MCP https://mcp.mirabelloconsultancy.com